真空泵電機是(shi)生產中(zhong)很重(zhong)要的(de)動力(li)裝置,在電機的(de)使用過程(cheng)中(zhong),如何節能(neng)也(ye)是(shi)人們普遍關心的(de)一(yi)個問題,下(xia)面和大家一(yi)齊學習(xi)其節能(neng)方法:
1、真(zhen)空泵的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze),調試與(yu)維修,用電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機驅動(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空泵工(gong)作機是一個(ge)整體系(xi)統。工(gong)作機效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)高低,將直接影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機耗電(dian)(dian)的(de)多少。水泵的(de)運行效(xiao)率(lv)與(yu)其(qi)規格(ge)大小,流(liu)速、流(liu)量、轉(zhuan)速等各項數(shu)據(ju)是相互關聯的(de),應合理選(xuan)擇(ze),定出個(ge)既滿足生(sheng)產要求,而(er)又獲得最佳效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)工(gong)作條件。
2、更換節(jie)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機①應用Y系(xi)列(lie)(基本(ben)系(xi)列(lie))電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機。采(cai)用Y型節(jie)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機,取代60年代J2、JO2產品。采(cai)用國際(ji)標準,提高效率水平,和堵(du)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju),縮小體積,增加對電(dian)(dian)(dian)流噪(zao)聲,振動(dong)的控制,而且(qie)還有結構(gou)合理,選型美觀,通用性(xing)好(hao),壽命長等特點。②采(cai)用YX(派(pai)生系(xi)列(lie))高效率電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機
該系(xi)(xi)列(lie)屬低損耗(hao),高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)電動機(ji),機(ji)座中(zhong)心(xin)高(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)H100-H280;功率(lv)范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)1.5kW-90kW;極數2、4、6.比Y系(xi)(xi)列(lie)電動機(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)平均(jun)提高(gao)(gao)3%,損耗(hao)平均(jun)下(xia)降28.6%,與目(mu)前國外高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)電動機(ji)水(shui)平相(xiang)當。不過這(zhe)類電動機(ji)售價(jia)比Y系(xi)(xi)列(lie)高(gao)(gao)30%.此種電機(ji)值得(de)年運行(xing)時間長,負荷率(lv)高(gao)(gao)的(de)紡(fang)織、化(hua)工、風機(ji)、水(shui)泵等選(xuan)用。
3、真空泵電機的節能改造
①更換為節能風扇電機的通(tong)(tong)風損耗占(zhan)總損耗的很大(da)比例(li),因此(ci),最大(da)限度(du)地降低(di)通(tong)(tong)風損耗,對(dui)節能會(hui)有明顯(xian)的效果(guo)。而且對(dui)JO2來講(jiang),改造外風扇與風罩不需(xu)變動內部任何部件。
②用(yong)磁(ci)性槽(cao)(cao)泥(簡(jian)稱CC材(cai)料(liao)或磁(ci)泥)替換普通槽(cao)(cao)楔,填(tian)平(ping)電動(dong)機(ji)定子鐵(tie)心槽(cao)(cao)口(kou)趨于平(ping)滑,經固化后(hou),且與糟壁結合牢(lao)固,而成(cheng)磁(ci)性槽(cao)(cao)楔。從而改善電機(ji)槽(cao)(cao)齒效應,降低了(le)銅、鐵(tie)、機(ji)械、雜(za)散(san)等損耗(hao),給耗(hao)能(neng)電動(dong)機(ji)的改造提供了(le)節電新途徑。
4、當真(zhen)空泵電(dian)機的負荷(he)率小于(yu)(yu)0.4時,應調整電(dian)動機的功率大小,更換小于(yu)(yu)原裝電(dian)機功率一級,把(ba)電(dian)動機的負荷(he)率調至0.6~0.7左右為(wei)宜。
5、采用(yong)(yong)尼龍平皮帶用(yong)(yong)尼龍平皮帶來替(ti)換(huan)三角橡膠帶簡單易(yi)行(xing),技術(shu)上無特殊要求,只需進行(xing)簡易(yi)計算,更換(huan)一副(fu)皮帶輪即可。若條件允(yun)許(xu),把電動(dong)機的間接傳(chuan)動(dong),改為直(zhi)接傳(chuan)動(dong)的水泵,可提高(gao)效率2~3%.
6、采(cai)用較大(da)截面的導線。采(cai)用較大(da)截面導線后,不僅處于輕載運行(xing)狀態,壽命(ming)也會大(da)大(da)延長,節電效果顯著(采(cai)用銅芯電纜(lan)等法)。
7、注意(yi)軸承和繞(rao)組(zu)的清潔(jie)和潤(run)(run)滑(hua);軸承合(he)理潤(run)(run)滑(hua)與繞(rao)組(zu)的清潔(jie)正確地安裝(zhuang)和良好地維(wei)護,能使電動機在運行中節能。潤(run)(run)滑(hua)脂過量或(huo)劣質,會(hui)增加(jia)摩擦損耗,降低效(xiao)率;并(bing)會(hui)使油甩到繞(rao)組(zu)上(shang),損壞(huai)繞(rao)組(zu)。因此,檢修時應適當填(tian)充潤(run)(run)滑(hua)脂,并(bing)采用優(you)質鋰基潤(run)(run)滑(hua)脂。與此同時,還要防(fang)止潮氣和有害(hai)氣體(ti)侵入電動機內部(bu),保持繞(rao)組(zu)溫度在零度以上(shang)。
8、采用無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)自動補償。真空泵電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷是感(gan)性的(de)(de)(de)(de),其電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)矢量(liang)滯(zhi)后于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓矢量(liang)。這類(lei)負(fu)載消耗有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)外,還消耗無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv),而消耗無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)大于(yu)有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。提(ti)高cosφ的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa),是在負(fu)載兩端并聯(lian)與(yu)感(gan)抗性質相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi),用容(rong)(rong)性無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(負(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de))來抵消感(gan)性無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(正的(de)(de)(de)(de))。實際(ji)上,電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)波(bo)動過程恰(qia)好互差180°。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)線圈吸收能量(liang)時,正好電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)釋(shi)放能量(liang),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)吸收能量(liang)時(充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程),正好線圈釋(shi)放能量(liang)。由于(yu)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)這一特點,被廣泛(fan)運用在輸、變、配等電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備中提(ti)高力率(lv)(lv)。
9、采用(yong)S10型(xing)節能(neng)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi),真(zhen)空泵(beng)電(dian)機力(li)率的(de)提高直接(jie)關系(xi)(xi)到(dao)電(dian)力(li)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)容量型(xing)號的(de)合理選(xuan)用(yong),和無(wu)功補(bu)償等(deng)諸因素的(de)制約(yue),因此,從節電(dian)角度來看。重要的(de)是(shi)應盡快以S7、SL7、SZ7、SLZ7系(xi)(xi)列10~35kV級變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi),取代SL及SL1系(xi)(xi)列耗能(neng)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)、采用(yong)45°全斜(xie)接(jie)縫,無(wu)沖孔(kong),玻璃纖維帶綁(bang)扎(zha),鐵芯選(xuan)用(yong)優質晶粒取向冷(leng)扎(zha)硅(gui)鋼(gang)片。繞組導(dao)線選(xuan)用(yong)縮醛漆包(bao)線。以及片狀(zhuang)散熱器(qi)(qi)等(deng)新材料、新結構(gou)、新工藝,它與相同等(deng)級老型(xing)號變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)相比,具有損耗低,體積小,重量輕,節約(yue)電(dian)能(neng),節省運行電(dian)費等(deng)優點。
我們在使用(yong)真空泵時,健全(quan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約用(yong)電組織(zhi)措(cuo)施,節(jie)(jie)(jie)約用(yong)電涉及的面很廣,有思想問題(ti)(ti)(ti)、方法問題(ti)(ti)(ti)。技術問題(ti)(ti)(ti),需要(yao)各方面的配(pei)合,因此,必(bi)須(xu)十分重視管理、包括制(zhi)定(ding)耗電定(ding)額,獎懲(cheng)條(tiao)件,定(ding)期對電器(qi)設備維(wei)修(xiu)和測(ce)試。對耗電多的設備進行改造,推(tui)廣運用(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)電新產品,建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)能源設備檔案管理制(zhi)度(du)等。為(wei)此必(bi)須(xu)建(jian)立(li)、強化節(jie)(jie)(jie)電管理機構特別是(shi)廣大(da)小型城鄉企業的能源部門。
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